Harvard Referencing
An author-date citation style widely used in UK, Australia, and many international universities.
Overview
Harvard referencing is a parenthetical author-date system. Unlike APA, there's no single official Harvard guide, so conventions may vary between institutions. Always check your institution's specific requirements.
Common Use Cases
- UK and Australian university assignments
- Business and management studies
- General academic writing internationally
Format Examples
Journal Article
Smith, J. and Jones, M. (2019) 'The impact of social media on academic performance', Journal of Education Studies, 45(3), pp. 234-251.Book
Mitchell, J.A. and Thomson, M. (2017) A guide to citation. 3rd edn. London: London Publishings.Website
NHS (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19). Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/ (Accessed: 15 April 2020).Key Elements
Author Names
Last name, Initial. Use 'and' between authors.
Year
In parentheses immediately after author names.
Title
Single quotes for articles, italics for books/journals.
Access Date
Required for online sources: (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Tips for This Format
- Check your institution's specific Harvard guide - conventions vary.
- Use 'et al.' for sources with 3+ authors after first citation.
- Page numbers use 'pp.' for multiple pages, 'p.' for single page.
Other Citation Styles
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