Turabian (9th Edition)
A simplified version of Chicago style, designed specifically for student papers and theses.
Overview
Turabian style is an adaptation of Chicago style created by Kate Turabian for students. Like Chicago, it offers both Notes-Bibliography and Author-Date systems. The 9th edition (2018) includes updated guidance for digital sources.
Common Use Cases
- Undergraduate and graduate theses
- Student research papers
- Academic coursework across disciplines
Format Examples
Book (Notes-Bibliography)
1. Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 9th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018), 45.Journal Article (Author-Date)
Johnson, Sarah. 2020. "Digital Literacy in Higher Education." Journal of Academic Writing 15 (2): 112-128.Website
Purdue Online Writing Lab. "Turabian Formatting and Style Guide." Accessed March 15, 2021. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/turabian_style/turabian_formatting_and_style_guide.html.Key Elements
Citation System
Choose Notes-Bibliography or Author-Date consistently.
Author Names
Notes: First Last. Bibliography: Last, First.
Publication Info
Include city, publisher, and year for books.
Page Numbers
Specific pages in notes; omit in bibliography entries.
Tips for This Format
- Turabian is simpler than full Chicago - perfect for student papers.
- Choose one system (Notes or Author-Date) and use it throughout.
- Check if your instructor prefers footnotes or endnotes.
Other Citation Styles
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